Support vector regression-based lesion–symptom mapping results. (A) Picture naming task (left-sided tumours, n = 223). (B) Semantic fluency task (left-sided tumours, n = 223). (C) Phonological fluency task (left-sided tumours, n = 220). (D) Stroop naming task (left-sided tumours, n = 114). (E) RL-RI free recall task (left-sided tumours, n = 93). (F) RL-RI total recall task (left-sided tumours, n = 93). (G) Bell test (right-sided tumours, n = 155). (H) TMT-A task (right-sided tumours, n = 122). In each panel, raw β-maps are on the left, significant voxels are in the middle (ROI_a are displayed in blue, ROI_b in yellow, with the used hyperparameters displayed underneath), and supra-tumour probability maps within suprathresholded voxels are on the right. Statistical P-maps are derived from a 10 000 permutation-based procedure. ROI_a were obtained after continuous permutation-based familywise error correction set at P < 0.05 (V = 10), i.e. the conservative approach. ROI_b were obtained using P < 0.001 uncorrected voxelwise and P < 0.05 clusterwise, i.e. the lenient approach. Importantly, no voxels with positive β-values were found to survive statistical thresholding when negative β-values predicted behaviour worsening (A–C, E and F) and, conversely, no voxels with negative β-values were found to survive statistical thresholding when positive β-values predicted behaviour worsening (D, G and H). Cing = cingulate; IPL = inferior parietal lobule; ITG = inferior temporal gyrus; L = left-sided tumours; MFG = middle frontal gyrus; MTG = middle temporal gyrus; parahip = parahippocampal gyrus; post-CG = post-central gyrus; R = right-sided tumours; RL-RI = rappel libre–rappel indicé; ROI = region of interest; SFG = superior frontal gyrus; TMT = Trail Making Test.