A, Time trends in causes of death grouped by hepatitis C virus (HCV) status from 2005 to 2022, stratified by 3-year periods. Single causes of death are categorized into broader categories as outlined in Table 1. Left, Time trends in causes of death among individuals without HCV coinfection. Right, Time trends in causes of death among individuals with HCV coinfection, defined as s positive HCV RNA result at any follow-up. The x-axis includes 3-year intervals from 2005 to 2022; y-axis; percentage distribution of each cause of death category; numbers above bars, the total reported deaths for the corresponding 3-year period. The number within each bar indicates the percentage of each cause of death within its respective 3-year period. B, Factors associated with liver-related causes of death. The y-axis includes all factors included in the multivariable/adjusted logistic regression analysis (red), based on their statistical significance in the univariable/unadjusted logistic regression analysis (blue) as well as clinical relevance; the x-axis, the odds for each factor, compared with its reference (ref) factor, of dying of a liver-related cause of death compared with any other cause. Exercise caution when interpreting this analysis, since certain factors may influence various causes of death, while others may specifically increase the odds of one particular cause of death. Definitions for all variables used in the univariable analysis are available in Table 2. Single death causes are categorized into broader causes. as outlined in Table 1. Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MSM, men who have sex with men; NANH, non-AIDS, nonhepatic; OR, odds ratio.