Driving forces of each factor on the LULC transformation frequency from 2000 to 2020 in the WRB: (a) LULC transformation frequency map, showing the total number of LULC type transformations per cellular from 2000 to 2020 and (b) cumulative driving forces of each factor for various transformation frequencies. One-time transformation indicates that LULC transformation occurred once per cellular during the study period.