Antifungal therapy episodes and 30-day snapshots. A, The burden of febrile neutropenia was considered alongside antifungal use (inpatient and outpatient) during three 30-day snapshots: from day 1 of first-line chemotherapy, day 0 of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in the 30 days prior to death. First-line chemotherapy regimens were classed as high (containing anthracycline, fludarabine, or intermediate/high-dose Ara-C) or intermediate (containing venetoclax) intensity. B, Prescription records for all systemic antifungal drugs were grouped into those given for treatment of fungal infection and those given for antifungal prophylaxis using structured indication data recorded at the time of prescribing. Consecutive or concurrent therapeutic antifungal prescriptions were linked into therapy episodes using an R software package called Ramses (Resources for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Surveillance) [11]. Prescriptions for antifungal prophylaxis were excluded from these therapy episodes. Antifungal therapy episodes were annotated with a level of diagnostic confidence judged by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria. Days of therapy were calculated using administration and dispensing records aggregated by level of diagnostic confidence of their associated therapy episode. Abbreviations: AF, antifungal; allo-HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; DOT, days of therapy; FN, febrile neutropenia; HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; pTAFT, proportion of targeted antifungal therapy.