Temporal changes of soil respiration and its components under warming and control. (A) Soil respiration (R_S). (B) Soil heterotrophic respiration (R_h). (C) Soil autotrophic respiration (R_a). The data are segmented into the early cool season (January to February), warm season (March to September), and late cool season (October to December), and comparisons are made across these periods as well as throughout the year. Significant changes in respiration rates under warming compared to control conditions are indicated, with statistical analyses performed using paired t-tests. All exact values and P-values, for both significant and nonsignificant changes, are detailed in Table S1.