Flaming PIE condensate exposure increases glutathione oxidation. 16HBEs expressing oxidation-sensitive roGFP grown in submerged culture on coverslips were exposed to a PBS negative control, 100 mM peroxide (H2O2) positive control, 25 or 50 μg/cm2 concentrations of flaming PIEs, or 50 μg/cm2 of smoldering PIEs during live cell imaging. Analyses of real-time roGFP measurements and therefore glutathione oxidation showed increasing ratios of Oxidized (GSSG) to reduced (GSH) glutathione over time with 25 and 50 μg/cm2 flaming, but not smoldering PIE condensates (A). Graphing maximum GSSG/GSH oxidation responses of each experiment show a significant increase in glutathione oxidation at 50 μg/cm2 of flaming PIEs (B). Data are represented as means±SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with 1-way ANOVA and Sidak post hoc test comparing PIE exposures to PBS control, relevant p-values are shown, n = 3 independent experiments (1 well per experiment) per exposure condition.
