Major advances in elucidating the jasmonate pathway. A) Substantial milestones in jasmonate research are listed together with the number of jasmonate-related publications, based on the results of a 2023 PubMed search for “jasmonate.” Due to space constraints, not all milestones are included. See Wasternack (2015) for a comprehensive history of jasmonate research. B) Scheme of JA-Ile biosynthesis and signaling. See main text for details. 10,11-EOT, (11S)-10,11-epoxy-octadecatrienoic acid; 11-HPHT, 11(S)-hydroperoxy-hexadecatrienoic acid; 12,13-EOT, (13S)-12,13-epoxy-octadecatrienoic acid; 13-HPOT, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid; 13-LOX, 13-LIPOXYGENASE; 4,5-ddh-JA, 4,5-didehydro JA; AOC, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE; AOS, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; COI1, CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1; dnOPDA, dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid; JA, (+)-7-iso-jasmonic acid; JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-isoleucine; JAZ, JAZMONATE ZIM DOMAIN; MED, MEDIATOR complex; NINJA, NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ; OPC-4, 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl cyclopentane-1-butanoic acid; OPC-6, 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-hexanoic acid); OPC-8, 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid; OPDA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid; OPR2, OPDA REDUCTASE 2; OPR3, OXO-PHYTODIENOIC ACID REDUCTASE 3; Pol II, RNA polymerase II; SCF, SKP1-CUL1-F-box; tnOPDA, tetranor-OPDA; TPL, TOPLESS; Ub, ubiquitin.