Chronic exposure to BDE-47 aggravates AP and CP. A, Schematic diagram of chronic exposure to BDE-47 and induction of acute pancreatitis: The mice were orally administered BDE-47 for a duration of 8 weeks, with a low-concentration group receiving 30 mg/kg and a high-concentration group receiving 100 mg/kg, and then AP was induced by caerulein injection. B, H&E staining was used to analyze the pathological changes in pancreatic tissue in the AP model after chronic exposure. The scale was 100 µm. C, Pancreatic histochemical scores in AP models after chronic exposure. D, Plasma amylase and lipase levels. E, Diagram depicting the process of animal intervention: Chronic exposure of BDE-47 to CP was induced through gavage of BDE-47 at low (30 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) concentrations for 4 weeks, followed by coadministration of caerulein and BDE-47 from week 5 to week 8. F, H&E staining was used to analyze the pathological damage changes in pancreatic tissue in the CP model after chronic exposure (above), and Masson trichrome staining was used to analyze pancreatic fibrosis (below). The scale was 100 µm. G, CD68-labeled macrophages and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to analyze the number of infiltrated macrophages in pancreatic tissue. Data in graphs are presented as the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Ctrl, control; NS, no significance, *p < .05, **p < .01 and ***p < .001.