Pulmonary vein isolation using the PFA catheter. (A) A screenshot of the electroanatomical mapping system is shown with shadows (green shadows) of where the PFA lesions were placed, and the location of the ablation catheter in the right inferior pulmonary vein (white arrows) in both posterior (left) and superior (right) views. The PFA catheter (white arrows) is also shown at the left superior pulmonary vein antrum in a large basket configuration on fluoroscopy (B) and on intracardiac echocardiography (C). While not formally analysed, PVs were typically acutely isolated with the first PF application; subsequent successively proximal applications extended the level of isolation and acted as bonus lesions to enhance durability. See online Supplementary material online, Video S2 for an example of PFA of a PV.