Association of peripheral blood CD8+ effector memory type 1 (EM1) T cell frequency, number of irAEs, and outcome. (A) Spearman’s rank correlation reveals a positive correlation between the frequency of CD8⁺ EM1 T cells and the total number of irAEs (neurologic and nonneurologic). (B) Elevation of CD8⁺ EM1 T cells in patients with irAE-n is not associated with better tumor response. * = P value ≤ .05. CR, complete remission; EM1, effector memory type 1; irAE-n, neurologic immune-related adverse event; no., number; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial remission; SD, stable disease; V1, visit 1 (after ICI treatment initiation).