Analysis of STDFs in each of the genomes demonstrates the AWPM-19 family is widely expanded in bryophytes. A) A heatmap illustrates the exemplar STDFs in each of the plant genomes. Blue color indicates that tandem duplications have significantly (hypergeometric test, FDR ≤ 0.05) contributed to the expansion of the PFAM family in corresponding plant genomes, and the AWPM-19 family emerged as a widely STDF in bryophytes but rarely tandemly duplicated in tracheophytes. B) The number of AWPM-19 family members identified in each of the plant genomes. C to E) Overall transcript abundance changes in the two model VDT mosses S. caninervis (8 genes) and B. argenteum (12 genes) and X. schlechteri (6 genes). Dark green, gold, and light green colors indicate hydrated, desiccated, and rehydrated samples, respectively. The white dot represents the median, the thick gray bar in the center represents the interquartile range, the thin gray line represents the rest of the distribution. F to H) Heatmaps show detailed expression profiles of AWPM-19 genes in the three VDT plants.