Development-related changes in the gut microbiota of O. rhodostigmatus tadpoles; composition of the gut microbiota composition at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels; upper, cave individuals; lower, outside individuals; (C) PCoA plot showing the development-related changes in the microbial beta-diversity of cave individuals (unweighted UniFrac distances); (D) pairwise PERMANOVA of unweighted UniFrac distances of cave individuals at different stages; (E) PCoA plot showing the development-related changes in the microbial beta-diversity of outside individuals (unweighted UniFrac distances); (F) pairwise PERMANOVA of unweighted UniFrac distances of outside individuals at different stages.