Interbacterial antagonistic activities of A. vitis VAR03-1 and its rhizoviticin-deficient mutants against A. vitis VAT03-9 (Ti) and the genome organizations of the rhizoviticin-coding region and related prophages. Growth (A) and relative expression levels of virE2 (B) of VAT03-9 (Ti) in the supernatants prepared from the bacterial culture of VAT03-9 (Ti), VAR03-1, and its mutants; values represent OD600 (A) or relative expression level of virE2 (B) after 24 h growth of each culture; each bacterial strain was cultured for 24 h in liquid medium, and supernatants were prepared by centrifugation and filtration; VAT03-9 (Ti) was then inoculated (initial OD600 of 0.1) and grown in the supernatant-supplemented medium with acetosyringone; data are presented as means, and error bars represent SD (n = 3 for the left and right panels, n = 6 for the middle panel); asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from control (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test, ^***P < .0001); experiments were repeated three times, and representative results are shown; (C) schematic representation of the genetic organization of the rhizoviticin-coding genomic region in VAR03-1 (AP023268.1) and the related prophages in A. vitis VAT03-9 (Ti) (AP023279.1), VAR06-30 (AP023272.1), F2/5 (CP055268.1), AV25/95 (JAALYG010000006.1), A. ampelinum S4 (CP000633.1), Neorhizobium xiangyangii T786 (JAJAWH010000032.1), Agrobacterium tumefaciens DS1979 (JAGIPE010000002.1), and Ensifer sojae CCBAU 05684 (CP023067.1); each gene is represented by arrows with colors based on their potential functions. The positions of Tn-insertion in each mutant used in (A) and (B) are shown as inverted triangles; dotted lines indicate homologous genes (see Table S3 for the e-values and % sequence identities of the genes in the rhizoviticin-coding genomic region to the corresponding genes of VAR06-30 and VA25/95 prophages).