The burdens of RA caused by smoking in 2019 and their percentage changes in rates from 1990 to 2019 across 21 GBD regions among various genders. (A) Age-standardized DALY rates of RA caused by smoking. (B) Percentage changes in age-standardized DALY rates caused by smoking from 1990 to 2019. (C) Age-standardized death rates of RA caused by smoking. (D) Percentage changes in age-standardized death rates caused by smoking from 1990 to 2019. GBD: global burden of disease; DALY: disability-adjusted life-year