Commercially available hybrid closed-loop AID systems. Medtronic 780 g Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop reproduced with permission of Medtronic Inc.; CamAPS FX app with Dexcom G6 sensor (Dexcom, San Diego, CA, USA), Dana Diabecare RS and Dana-i insulin pumps (Sooil Development Co, Seoul, Korea) and Ypsopump (Ypsomed AG, Burgdorf, Switzerland), reproduced with permission of CamDiab Ltd, Dexcom Ltd, Sooil Development Co and Ypsomed AG; Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump (Tandem Diabetes Care, San Diego, CA, USA) with Dexcom G6 Sensor (Dexcom, San Diego, CA, USA), reproduced with permission of Tandem Diabetes Care and Dexcom Ltd; Omnipod 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System (Insulet Corporation, Acton, MA, USA) reproduced with permission of Insulet Corporation. AID: automated insulin delivery, CGM: continuous glucose monitor, MPC: model predictive control, PID: proportional-integral-derivative, RCT: randomised controlled trial, TDD: total daily dose (insulin).