Effects of climate cooling on various environmental variables. The weighted mean effect size was calculated by the method of meta-analysis of response ratio. Error bars are at the 95% confidence level. The significance level is indicated by asterisk: ***P<0.001, **P<0.050, and *P<0.100. For the environmental variables, Biomass—plant biomass; TCOV—total plant coverage; Species—plant species richness; TOC_10 and TOC_20—total soil organic C at the 0–10 cm depth and 10–20 cm depth; TN_10 and TN_20—total soil N at the 0–10 cm depth and 10–20 cm depth; CN_10 and CN_20—the ratio of TOC to TN ratio at the 0–10 cm depth and 10–20 cm depth; NO₃_10—soil nitrate at the 0–10 cm depth; and NH₃_10—soil ammonia at the 0–10 cm depth.