Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the study period. Higher values signify areas with greater vegetation density, whereas lower values represent areas with minimal to no healthy vegetation such as water (eg, rivers) or more urban settlements. Notably, imagery obtained after flooding (7 May 2020) shows substantial decreases in NVDI in areas along the banks of the Mubuku and Kitajuka rivers (arrows) as well as the northern areas of Izinga village where the rivers diverge (box).