Monitoring tools for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Overview of the different monitoring tools during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in critically ill cardiogenic shock patients. Constant assessment of proper device function, end-organ perfusion and signs of recovery or deterioration, and potential complications are required. However, drainage of blood from the right atrium and retrograde aortic flow with femoral cannulation requires several additional steps in monitoring in the critically ill patient population. ALAT, alanine transaminase; Hb, haemoglobin; LV, left ventricular; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RV, right ventricular; SaO₂, arterial blood oxygen saturation.