The combined effects of pre-pregnancy BMI, TG, and RC on GDM. Black circles: group with pre-BMI <24.0 kg/m²; White circles: group with pre-BMI ≥24.0 kg/m². RRs were calculated by the log-Poisson regression model and were adjusted for maternal age, years of education, monthly average income per capita, nulliparous, family history of diabetes, smoking before pregnancy, alcohol consumption before pregnancy, and regular physical activity during pregnancy.Abbreviations: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; pre-BMI, pre-pregnancy BMI; RC, remnant cholesterol, TG, triglycerides.