The proposed label-free method for detecting ApoBDs complements apoptosis detection using Annexin-V fluorescence by analyzing the visual indications apparent in phase-contrast imaging (Fig. 7 presents that only 30% of apoptotic cells exhibited a clear Annexin-V signal). Figure created with BioRender.com. (A) ApoBDs are extracellular vesicles produced by apoptotic cells carrying various molecular cargoes of interest. (B) Schematic illustration of the high-throughput TIMING. The system profiles cell–cell interactions at scale. (C) Four sample nanowells illustrate the variable Annexin-V signal within apoptotic cells. In Nanowells 1 and 2, the Annexin-V signal is clear, whereas, in Nanowells 3 and 4, the Annexin-V signal is absent despite the apparent onset of apoptosis in the phase images. The solid arrows highlight ApoBDs release. Dashed arrows highlight cells with Annexin-V staining.