Interseismic coupling and relative motion estimated from model D (Fig. 6d) at the northwestern edge of the NAS. Black arrows depict the predicted convergence rates between pairs of blocks: Caribbean/San Jacinto (CARI/SANJ), Caribbean/Romeral (CARI/ROME), Caribbean/Bonaire (CARI/BONA). Number within the black arrows is subduction convergence rate in mm yr⁻¹. MARA, Maracaibo block; NAW, North Andean West block; PANA, Panama block; SCDB, South Caribbean Deformed Belt; EPDZ, East Panama Deformed Zone and UF, Uramita fault. Light brown lines are block geometry from model D.