Pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (group 2).

CpcPH, combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IpcPH, isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension; LA, left atrial; LHD, left heart disease; RV, right ventricle/right ventricular; PA, pulmonary artery; PH, pulmonary hypertension. ^aCpcPH is defined by post-capillary PH and PVR >2 WU; a PVR >5 WU may be considered a severe pre-capillary component.