A snapshot of the decomposed forward wavefield for a source dipping +75° at approximate location (−20 km, −40 km). Pz and Sx are the vertical component of (u)_P and the horizontal component of (u)_S, respectively. This snapshot is from 6.08 s after the origin time. The direct P and converted Ps waves are visible in the Pz panel, and the direct S wave is visible in the Sx panel. Note that P and S waves are not decoupled in the near field, so that in the near-source region the Helmholtz decompositions yield a combination of second spatial derivatives of the static displacement field.