The effect of fish characteristics on the spatial patterns of fish biomass across Yam Rosh Hanikra MPA border. (a, b) fish commercial value (commercial/non-commercial), (c, d) fish size (< 15 < cm), and (e, f) fish origin (IS: indigenous species, NIS: non-indigenous species). Left panels are based on UVC data and right panels are based on TDS data. The Y axes are fish biomass per area and the X axes are distance (km) from the MPA border. Dashed vertical lines represent the MPA border. Response variables are shown on the linear (non-log-transformed) scale for visualization purposes. Shaded areas around the model curves denote 95% confidence intervals.