Neuropathology. After TBI, astrocytes show substantial morphologic changes and are also important in mediating glymphatic clearance. At low power (A–O), immunoreactivity is shown for GFAP (green, a marker for astrocytes) and AQ4 (aquaporin 4, red, a marker for astrocytic endfeet). A collection of the images is described in the text. Examples are show for the Sham animals (A–C), the Injury group at different time points (D–F: 4WPI—4 weeks post injury; G–I: 6MPI—6 months post injury, and the Injury + Stress group at different time points (J–L: 4WPI; M–O: 6MPI). Increases in intensity can be seen over time. The images are shown at higher power for better visualization of the immunoreactive details (A’–O’). For this magnification also presented are Sham animals (A’–C’), the injury group at different time points (D’ –F’: 4WPI; G’–I’: 6MPI and the Injury + Stress group at different time points (J’–L’: 4WPI; M’–O’: 6MPI). Increases in intensity can be seen in the injured groups. The images are taken from the medial frontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate gyrus.