Performance of CIForm across independent datasets. (A) Cell-type annotation performance of CIForm, SingleR, Seurat-PCA, Seurat-CCA, scmap-cell, scmap-cluster and Cell BLAST by Macro F1 score. (B) Accuracy values (bar plot) in which the Zeisel dataset acts as the reference dataset and the Rosenberg dataset acts as the query dataset. (C) Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) visualization of all cell types from Rosenberg datasets. Cell types were color-coded based on original annotation, as well as annotation predicted by CIForm, Seurat-CCA, SingleR and Seurat-PCA. The Zeisel acts as the reference dataset and Rosenberg acts as the query dataset.