Deep learning of the antigen presentation process. (A) Overview of the biological processes of antigen processing, presentation and recognition by T cells. First, the intracellular protein is hydrolyzed into peptides by protease. Second, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) transports the peptide into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Third, the peptide binds to HLA-I protein to form a complex. Finally, the peptide-HLA complex is presented to the cell surface and binds to the TCR of CD8⁺ T cells. Created with BioRender.com. (B) The model structure of IEPAPI-EL. (C) The model structure of IEPAPI-IM. (D) The structure of feature extraction block.