Expression pattern and subcellular localization of GS10. A) Relative expression of GS10 in different tissues of GLA4. PA, panicle before heading; FL, flag leaf; LS, leaf sheath; TB, tiller bud. OsUBQ5 was used as the control. Data are presented as mean values ± Sd, n = 3 biologically independent samples. B) Comparison of the shape of developing caryopsis at indicated DAF between GLA4 (left) and NIL-gs10 (right). Scale bars, 1 mm. C) Statistics of developing caryopsis dry weight at indicated days between GLA4 and NIL-gs10. Data are presented as mean values ± Sd, n = 3 biologically independent samples. Subcellular localization of GS10 (35S::GS10-GFP) in N. benthamiana leaf D) and rice protoplasts E). The plasmid 35S::GFP and NLS-RFP (nuclei marker) were used as the control. Scale bar, 10 μm D) and 20 μm E) in N. benthamiana leaf; 10 μm in rice protoplasts. Chl, chlorophyll. BF, bright field. Student's t-test significant difference, *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.