The schematic representation of the instructed threat paradigm used in this study. (A) The two visual stimuli (symbols) which were used in the instructed threat paradigm and their corresponding explanation: when the circle was presented in screen (CS+), there was a 30% probability to be paired with a threat stimulus (electric shock; US), whereas the square had no stimulus pairing (CS+). (B) Example of the temporal scale of the stimuli presentation: each symbol was presented on the computer screen for 5 s followed by a fixation cross with an inter-trial interval (ITI) between 5 and 6 s (Experiment 1). A neuronavigated single-pulse TMS was applied to the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) after either 80  or 1000 ms (Experiment 2).