Voxel-wise differences in MD between diagnostic groups and controls (cingulum pathway), controlling for age and sex. The cingulum pathway showed significantly higher MD values in the posterior/retrosplenial cingulate already in the SCD group compared with the HC group. Additional differences were present in the rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate in MCI and Alzheimer’s disease dementia groups. Voxel-wise analyses of the diffusion data (MD values) were performed using non-parametric permutation testing. Identification of significant clusters in the data was performed using TFCE. Significance maps were corrected for multiple comparisons using a familywise error rate of P < 0.05 (non-significant voxels are shown in green). BF mask (in purple) was inflated for illustrative purposes. AD = Alzheimer’s disease dementia.