Pooled mean differences in cardiometabolic health outcomes between assisted reproductive technology-conceived and natural conception offspring, stratified by sex, parental subfertility, fresh embryo transfer/frozen embryo transfer, and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The figure shows pooled confounder-adjusted mean differences in cardio-metabolic outcomes between pre-specified assisted reproductive technology-conceived and natural conception offspring subgroups. Estimates represent standardized mean differences in (A) systolic blood pressure (SBP), (B) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and (C) heart rate (HR), and mean % difference in (D) total cholesterol (TC), (E) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), (F) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), (G) triglycerides (TG), (H) glucose, and (I) insulin. The horizontal bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Cohort-specific models were adjusted (as fully as possible) for maternal age, parity, education, smoking, body mass index, and ethnicity, plus offspring sex and age at outcome assessment. ART, assisted reproductive technology; NC, natural conception; IVF, in vitro fertilization; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; ET, embryo transfer; FET, frozen embryo transfer. The corresponding numerical results, and results from tests of subgroup differences, are given in Supplementary material online, Table S4.