Tail length differences between habitats when accounting for genetic non-independence. (A) Tail/body length ratios for each population predicted by a generalized linear-mixed model taking genetic differentiation (FST) between populations into account. (B) Tail/body length ratios for prairie and forest individuals predicted by a similar model as in A, but with pairwise genetic relatedness (kinship coefficient [Manichaikul et al. 2010]) between individuals taken into account. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]