A revised model for bacterial spore germination. (A) A revised view for bacterial spore germination. Following nutrient sensing, the germination receptors activate the Arg phosphatase YwlE (①). Consequently, SigA is dephosphorylated by active YwlE to reactivate the transcription machinery (②③④). Next, translation is reestablished by the YwlE-mediated dephosphorylation of Tig after DPA release (⑥⑦⑧). The source of the transcripts for protein synthesis during germination could be derived from the newly transcribed RNA (⑤). (B) Our revised model very much resembles that of Hansen et al. (Hansen et al. 1970) based on their results. Reprinted with permission from the AAAS.