TUS-induced calcium oscillation and BOM in mouse visual cortex. (a) The spatiotemporal responses of neuronal calcium oscillation and HBO, HBR, and HBT under TUS. (b) The response curve of neuronal calcium oscillation, HbO, HbR, and HbT under 8 stimuli trials from 1 typical mouse. (c) Time-dependent curves of neuronal calcium oscillations for all samples with different SDs from 0.3 to 0.7 s. (d) Peak value of ΔF/F under different SD, (e) peak time of ΔF/F, (f) FWHM of response duration (mean ± SEM, n = 9 for each group, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01; paired t-test).