Figure 4
![Local conduction parameters in patients with and without AF. The degree of LDH (A) and CV (B) during SR in patients without (turquoise/left) and with AF (red/right). The difference [Δ (PAC-SR)] between SR and PAC is visualized as median with interquartile range. *P < 0.05. AF, atrial fibrillation; BB, Bachmann’s bundle; CV, conduction velocity; LA, left atrium; LDH, local directional heterogeneities; PAC, premature atrial contraction; PVA, pulmonary vein area; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm.](https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/europace/25/3/10.1093_europace_euac283/1/euac283f4.jpeg?Expires=1750422595&Signature=DX8zw-phV6P2X2CSBwpialmpw6R5ikrkvR3MTWuLOlEgnHOIq2NNlLwdeYlxoHAH7JvugglIghucH8yxOZz08AxnNlCMxX9BD6xQ44bPo-FuEjGrKd8NjGRnUUtn8er6kWnrajP~iFUEHlOsNDMuqNFHBPHgS5vkoIGeb7eLFXZpOlvrJi2bzE1GIqvRuXb4WDWLRfeBUUWvV5VLYmdjgYC2noYr4EO00I82bJyG2WcoxkLip5zaOMbwatpRqsNLi6OdKY9zFUmNcDfT7ROXy94Bbidc4Lv5s5OERe19rS6TfJBVwSU~zAtZnb-y6ky2Yc9z91lh7y5ugV4Xgvmq9A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Local conduction parameters in patients with and without AF. The degree of LDH (A) and CV (B) during SR in patients without (turquoise/left) and with AF (red/right). The difference [Δ (PAC-SR)] between SR and PAC is visualized as median with interquartile range. *P < 0.05. AF, atrial fibrillation; BB, Bachmann’s bundle; CV, conduction velocity; LA, left atrium; LDH, local directional heterogeneities; PAC, premature atrial contraction; PVA, pulmonary vein area; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm.
