Relative abundance and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances of the endophytic and epiphytic microbial communities in the phyllospheres of male (♂) and female (♀) Populus deltoides grown in either control (–) or Cd-treated (+) soil. Annual shoot cuttings were grown for 90 d in soil containing 60 mg Cd²⁺ kg^–1 DW. (A) The relative abundances of different classes in the fungal community and (B) the relative abundances of different classes in the bacterial community; ‘others’ indicates taxa that could not be identified to the class level. (C) PCoA of the fungal communities and (D) PCoA of the bacterial communities at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. All data are based on five replicate plants for each treatment.