Neuroanatomical mapping of the spinal cord at LSE. (A) MRI sagittal view of the whole spine in an individual with a cervical spinal cord injury. (B) Axial images of the lumbosacral region from high spatial resolution MRI recording, with the arrows pointing at the dorsal nerve roots from the vertebral site of the exit back to the location of entering the spinal cord to show how spinal cord levels are identified using the nerve root tracing technique. (C) Process of tracing and labelling the spinal cord region, cerebrospinal canal and nerve roots in each axial image and using the isosurface function to build a reconstructed model of the lumbosacral spinal cord from the segmented images. (D) Process of integrating intraoperative fluoroscopy images of the paddle placement with the preoperative MRI recordings in order to estimate the location of the paddle array on the spinal cord model.