Yields of p-coumaric acid and β-carotene in cell wall-engineered S. cerevisiae strains. Cultivations were carried out for 72 h in 24 deep-well plates containing FIT medium with 60 g/l of polysaccharide or YP 8% D-glucose. Extracellular content for p-coumaric acid and intracellular for β-carotene were subjected to HPLC analysis. Error bars represent the standard deviation from three biological replicates. The symbol ↑ represents upregulation with a double copy integration with the native promoter and ↑↑ represents TEF1 promoter. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test (two-tailed; * = P ≤ .05; ** = P ≤ .01; *** = P ≤ .001; ● = 0.05898; two-sample unequal variance). A version of the figure with the individual data points indicated can be found in Figure S1.1 (Supporting Information; p-coumaric acid) and Figure S2.2 (Supporting Information; β-carotene).