Kaplan–Meier plots for the time from birth to initial aortic events between males and females (A) and across subgroups (B–D). The hazard rate of aortic events defined as Stanford type A or B type dissection or intervention on any aortic segment, is higher in male compared to female patients (A). While there were no statistically significant differences between male and female patients without children (B), there hazard rate of events was lower in women with children compared to male patients (C) or female patients without children (D). Note that the finding in panel 2D vanishes after accounting for immortal time bias (see text for details).