Model port positions for thoracic procedures in cadavers. Positions of ports and BSUs for lobectomy (A and D), thymectomy (B and E) and diaphragm plication (C and F). ^aPort and BSU positions shown for left lobectomy can be mirrored to perform right lobectomy. ^bAn accessory port could be placed either in the subxiphoid space (option A) or in the sternal eighth intercostal space (option B); stapling was performed via the accessory port. ^cEach square measures 20 cm × 20 cm. Asst.: assistant; BSU: bedside unit; Endo: endoscope; Instr: instrument.