Evaluation of tree pairs presented by Wilkinson and Crotti (2017) using the SPIC score. a) A single rogue leaf X may occupy any of the five possible positions on a four-leaf tree; the reduced consensus reveals the unanimous agreement about the relationships between taxa 1–4 and is thus preferred to the plenary. b) Rogue leaf X is sister to leaf 3 in 67 trees and leaf 4 in 33 trees; the reduced consensus reveals unanimous agreement about relationships between taxa 1–6 and is preferred to the plenary consensus. c) A rogue clade comprising two leaves X and Y is sister to leaf 1 with probability |$p_{1} = 60{\%}$| and sister to leaf 6 with probability |$40{\%}$|⁠. The plenary retains the information that X and Y form a clade at the cost of lower branch supports elsewhere in the tree; the reduced consensus reveals unanimity in the relationships between leaves 1–6 but contains no information about leaves X and Y. The SPIC score prefers the reduced consensus only when the position of X and Y is uncertain (⁠|$p_{1}< 58.6{\%}$|⁠).