Drug-free growth under static and dynamic incubation conditions. Bacterial growth is presented as the average (±SD) of the 14 clinical isolates and the ATCC strain. Static incubation performed in 20 mL media, incubated at 36°C with vigorous shaking (200 rpm), without media inflow or outflow. Dynamic incubation performed in the bladder infection in vitro model under two different conditions: media inflow at 20 mL/h with 4-hourly voids compared with 40 mL/h with 2-hourly voids. The grey shaded area highlights the time over which the growth rate was assessed (2–4 h). This figure appears in colour in the online version of JAC and in black and white in the print version of JAC.