The illustrations are taken from the monograph of Sunao Tawara.¹ They have been reorientated to match the majority of the illustrations to be included in our review showing the arrangement of the conduction axis in various animal species. The atrial chambers are seen to the left hand, with the right-sided cavities uppermost. The figures provided by Tawara show the markedly different arrangement of the axis in the dog heart (A) compared with man (B). Our own findings endorse the significance of the differences shown by Tawara.¹⁵