Antibody responses over a 3-month period after vaccination with the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines and after natural infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S1-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody titers induced by BNT162b2 vaccine from before vaccination to 12 weeks after the first dose. B, SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG antibody titers induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from before vaccination to 14 weeks after the first dose. C, SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG antibody titers in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from within 2 weeks after symptom onset to 15 weeks after symptom onset. D, SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG antibody titers induced by BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines and COVID-19 natural infections over the 3 months after first dose vaccination/ infection. E, Neutralizing antibody titers at 3 weeks after first-dose and 2 weeks after second-dose vaccinations with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines and at 4 weeks after natural infection.