Heat maps for genetic correlations (r^G) between the nine chronic pain phenotypes and neuroimaging traits. (A) Region of interest volume, and (B) mean cortical thickness (or subcortical volume as applicable) for cingulate cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus and thalamus. Asterisk denotes significant r^G at 5% FDR. Direction of correlation is shown by heat map colours (i.e. red denotes positive r^G and blue denotes negative r^G), with darker shading indicating stronger genetic associations. Significant negative genetic correlations were observed at the insula, posterior cingulate cortex and pars triangularis between neuroimaging traits and a number of chronic pain phenotypes (i.e. chronic hip, neck/shoulder, abdominal, widespread pain and pain at any site). L = left; R = right.