Forest plot showing observed, 1 sample MR and 2 sample MR (instrumental variable analysis) associations between BMI, WHR, adjWHR, favorable adiposity, T2DM, and benign nodular thyroid disease. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are shown (there are no observational estimates for favorable adiposity because this phenotype of higher adiposity and lower risk of metabolic disease can only be tested in this context with genetic variants. One-sample MR was not performed for T2DM because of the difficulty interpreting results using binary variables). adjWHR, WHR adjusted for BMI; BMI, body mass index; MR, Mendelian randomization; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WHR, waist-hip ratio.