(A) Bar graph showing the mean diameter at the various levels of measurements in the 3 study groups. (B) Bar graph showing the mean aortic lengths in the 3 study groups (*P = 0.024; Bonferroni post hoc; all other differences were not significant; standard deviation in parentheses). ATAAD: acute type A aortic dissection; BCA: brachio-cephalic artery; STJ: sinotubular junction.