Cardiac computed tomography pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement bicuspid aortic valve morphologies. Various aortic valve morphologies on volume-rendered computed tomography for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis (A through F) are shown. The bicuspid aortic valve is categorized as no raphe type (A and B) and raphe type (C through F). Raphe type is further categorized as non-calcified raphe type (C and D) and calcified raphe type (E and F). Arrowheads indicate non-calcified raphe and arrows indicate calcified raphe. Upper panels represent aortic valve with mild leaflet calcification and lower panels represent aortic valves with excess leaflet calcification. Modified from Yoon et al. [128] with permission from Elsevier.