Course of rhythm control strategy followed in study population. (A) Primary endpoint: Sinus rhythm on 1-year Holter according to result of baseline electrical cardioversion and use of rhythm control therapies (Success: sinus rhythm >6/7 of the time on a 7-day Holter at 1 year). (B) Secondary endpoint: maintenance of sinus rhythm and use of antiarrhythmic drugs. AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; ABL, ablation; AF, atrial fibrillation; ECV, electrical cardioversion; IRAF, immediate reinitiation of atrial fibrillation; SR, sinus rhythm.