Association of Alzheimer’s disease with systemic inflammatory regulators using Mendelian randomization. Beta and 95% confidence interval (CI) represent the change in the SD of inflammatory regulators per log odds increase in Alzheimer’s disease. After correcting for multiple comparison, p-value < 0.05/41 = 0.0012 was considered as significant. bNGF, beta nerve growth factor; CTACK, cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine; FGFBasic, basic fibroblast growth factor; GCSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GROa, growth-regulated oncogene-α; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IFNg, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; IP, interferon-gamma-induced protein 10; MCP1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MCP3, monocyte-specific chemokine 3; MCSF, macrophage colony -stimulating factor; MIF, macrophage-migration inhibitory factor; MIG, monokine induced by interferon gamma; MIP1a, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; MIP1b, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β; PDGFbb, platelet-derived growth factor BB; RANTES, regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted; SCF, stem cell factor; SCGFb, stem cell growth factor beta; SDF1a, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; TNFa, tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFb, tumour necrosis factor beta; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.